INTERNAL STRUCTURE
Inner Core
Possibly solid Fe-Ni · ~1,000 km radius · 5,000+ K
Outer Core
Liquid Fe-Ni · ~3,500 km total radius · No dynamo active
Lower Mantle
Silicate · Perovskite structure · Chondritic composition
Upper Mantle
Olivine → Spinel transitions · No asthenosphere detected
Crust
20–65 km avg · Basaltic/mafic · No plate tectonics — single plate
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES & MISSIONS
MYTHOLOGY & VEDIC COSMOLOGY
FOCUSVENUS
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FPS60
40+Missions
1962First flyby
1970First landing
10Soft landings
108 M kmAvg from Sun
θ 0° · φ 0°
शुक्राय नमः । शुक्रः शुचिर्दाहकः काव्यः भार्गवः । ॐ द्रां द्रीं द्रौं सः शुक्राय नमः । काव्यो दैत्यगुरुः शुक्रः शुचिर्भार्गवः । शुक्रो भृगुसुतस्त्वष्टा शुभलक्षणः । श्वेतवाहनः शुक्रश्चतुर्भुजः ।
VENUS OBSERVATORY